οφείλω — to owe; to be obliged to

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Understand this verb

Source references

Look for γράφω → γράφεις: the stress comes before the final -ω. The group helps with present endings; other tenses may use a different stem. Check the tables below.

How to read the verb tables

Start with the present. Find the row for the person you mean: εγώ (I), εσύ (you, singular), αυτός/αυτή/αυτό (he/she/it), εμείς (we), εσείς (you, plural or polite), αυτοί/αυτές/αυτά (they). Greek often leaves out these pronouns because the ending shows the person.

Continuous: over time or repeatedly: έγραφα — I was writing / used to write; θα γράφω — I will be writing. The imperfect is the continuous past.
Simple: an action viewed as a whole: έγραψα — I wrote; θα γράψω — I will write. “Simple” does not mean the action must be short.
Perfect: completed by a reference point: έχω γράψει — I have written; είχα γράψει — I had written; θα έχω γράψει — I will have written.
Subjunctive: forms with να: θέλω να γράφω κάθε μέρα — I want to write every day; θέλω να γράψω ένα μήνυμα — I want to write a message. The sentence supplies the time; the forms distinguish repeated activity from an action viewed as a whole.
Imperative: instructions or requests: γράφε κάθε μέρα — write every day; γράψε το όνομά σου — write your name. These show continuous and simple instructions.
Active and middle/passive: form and meaning: γράφω — I write; γράφεται — it is written. But a middle/passive ending does not always express a passive meaning: έρχομαι means I come.

Alternative forms: commas or slashes separate alternatives. Parentheses mark optional letters, for example γράφουν(ε) means γράφουν or γράφουνε. Alternatives can differ in style or context, so read any usage note before choosing.

A dash or a missing table means a form is not supplied here. Check the entry’s notes; it does not by itself prove that every omitted form is impossible.

οφείλω means to owe something or be obliged to do something.

Present · Ενεστώτας

Πρόσωπο — Person	Form
εγώ — I	οφείλω
εσύ — you	οφείλεις
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό — he / she / it	οφείλει
εμείς — we	οφείλουμε, οφείλομε
εσείς — you (plural / polite)	οφείλετε
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά — they	οφείλουν(ε)

Imperfect · Παρατατικός

Πρόσωπο — Person	Form
εγώ — I	όφειλα
εσύ — you	όφειλες
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό — he / she / it	όφειλε
εμείς — we	οφείλαμε
εσείς — you (plural / polite)	οφείλατε
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά — they	όφειλαν, οφείλαν(ε)

Continuous future · Εξακολουθητικός μέλλοντας

Πρόσωπο — Person	Form
εγώ — I	θα οφείλω
εσύ — you	θα οφείλεις
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό — he / she / it	θα οφείλει
εμείς — we	θα οφείλουμε, θα οφείλομε
εσείς — you (plural / polite)	θα οφείλετε
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά — they	θα οφείλουν(ε)

Continuous subjunctive · Εξακολουθητική υποτακτική

Πρόσωπο — Person	Form
εγώ — I	να οφείλω
εσύ — you	να οφείλεις
αυτός / αυτή / αυτό — he / she / it	να οφείλει
εμείς — we	να οφείλουμε, οφείλομε
εσείς — you (plural / polite)	να οφείλετε
αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά — they	να οφείλουν(ε)

Participles and usage · Μετοχές και χρήση

The standard verb uses the present stem and has no ordinary aorist or perfect in this paradigm.
οφείλω να expresses obligation; οφείλεται σε means “is due to”.

Σου οφείλω μια απάντηση.

I owe you an answer.

Οφείλουμε να βοηθήσουμε.

We ought to help.

Reference: Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek — οφείλω.

Source: Modern Greek Verbs
https://moderngreekverbs.com/ofeilo/
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Present · Ενεστώτας

Imperfect · Παρατατικός

Continuous future · Εξακολουθητικός μέλλοντας

Continuous subjunctive · Εξακολουθητική υποτακτική

Participles and usage · Μετοχές και χρήση

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